Kulikovskaya fight of 1380 - the major event in a history of medieval Russia, in many respects defined the further destiny of the Russian state. Fight on Kulikovom a field has served as the beginning of clearing of Northeast Russia from a yoke of Golden Horde. Growing power of the Moscow princedom, amplification of his authority among Russian princedoms, refusal of Moscow to render tribute became principal causes of a plan of the governor of Golden Horde Mamaya on the organization of the big campaign to Russia. To autumn of 1380 the basic forces Mamaya were forwarded through Volga and slowly moved ahead on the north for a meeting with allies in area р. Oka. The place of concentration of Russian armies had been appointed Kolomna. For the first time in a history of Russia XII-XIV of centuries under banners of grand duke of the Moscow Dmitry Ivanovicha such quantity of soldiers has gathered. Having forwarded through Oka, Russian host has moved a fast march to Куликову to a field. On September, 6 on Old road Dankovskoj Russian shelfs have reached р. Don. On a military council it has been solved to be forwarded through the river and to meet the enemy beyond Don. At night with 7 for September, 8 of an army were forwarded through Don and in the early morning on September, 8 have started to be developed in the fighting order by the person on a southeast, to a watershed, forces Mamaya whence moved.

Russian shelfs were built in the traditional three-linear order. Avant guarde of Russian construction was Sentry shelfs, behind it settled down Advanced shelfs. The basic line of Russian fighting construction had трехчленное division. In the center settled down Big shelfs, his flanks covered shelfs of the Right and Left hand. For big полком the reserve settled down. Foreseeing a course of fight, Russian commanders have placed to the east a shelf of the Left hand in natural boundary “ the Green Oak grove ” Zasadniy the shelfs, consisted of perfect horse teams. Flanks of Russian host rested against steep coast of small rivers become overgrown with a wood Bottom Дубик and Smolka. Mamay also has arranged the armies in the linear order. In the center the hired Genoa infantry settled down. On flanks and behind of infantry settled down tumena ordinskoy konnici and mercenaries. The reserve behind settled down. Fight began about 11 o'clock in the morning attacks ordinskoy infantry and konnici on Sentry and Advanced shelfs. Having sustained the first impact and had in the big losses, the rests полков have receded to the basic forces of Russian fighting orders. Fierce face-to-face attacks ordinskoy konnici on all line of Russian positions have begun. Russian shelfs have stood, and then, creating numerical superiority,

Mamay has thrown reserves on shelfs of the Left hand. Despite of fierce resistance, on the given site ordincam it was possible to break through Russian constructions. Incurred significant losses of shelfs of the Left hand started to recede. Has not saved the situation and the reserve put forward to the aid. Bending around flank Big the shelf, золотоордынская конница about 2 o'clock in the afternoon began to leave in rear of the Moscow host. Real threat of an environment and destruction of Russian forces was created. There has come the culmination of battle. During this moment in a back broken ордынцам has struck Zasadniy shelfs. Sudden introduction in fight of fresh Russian forces has radically changed a situation. The introduction into fight Zasadnogo a shelf has served as a signal to general approach of the Moscow host. Began mass flight of army Mamaya. Prosecution was conducted Russian konnici before dark. The victory was full. As a result of battle nagolovu armies of Golden Horde have been crushed and destroyed. Real threat of total pogrom of Russian ground which consequences are difficult for imagining has been liquidated. However Russian host during battle has had the big losses. Seven days collected and buried in communal graves of falling soldiers.

Kulikovskaya fight became the largest battle of the Middle Ages. On field Kulikovskom it was left more than 100 thousand soldiers. Shattering defeat has been put to Golden Horde. Куликовская fight became fundamental change in struggle of Russia against the татаро-Mongolian yoke, rendered deciding influence on creation of the uniform Russian state, on the statement of Russian national consciousness. Куликовское battle always was object of steadfast attention and studying in various spheres of a political, diplomatic and scientific life of Russian society XV-XX of centuries. According to one of legends, emperor Peter I, visiting construction of sluices on Иван-lake, has examined place Куликовской of fight and has ordered to brand the staying oaks of the Green Oak grove that them did not cut. However the present interest to monuments Kulikova of a field arises in the first quarter of XIX century.

First researcher Kulikova of a field became S.D.Nechaev - the decembrist, the poet, the figure of formation and education, the regional specialist. Nechaev purposefully collected finds from a place of battle and on the basis of the collection has created a small private museum. For the first time in a historical science it has undertaken natural researches of a place of battle and has tried to coordinate a course of fight to real district. Data on other collections of antiquities with Kulikova fields of this time were kept. The first attempt concerns to 20-th of XIX century memorial Kulikovskoy fights also. Under S.D.Nechaeva's initiative the Tula governor V.F.Vasiljev in 1820 has acted with the petition before emperor Alexander I about creation of a monument to Dmitry Donskomu on Kulikovskom a field. Only later 15 years, in 1836, emperor Nikolay I has ratified the sketch of a pig-iron obelisk of A.P.Brjullova. On September, 8, 1850 the monument was solemnly open at the presence of the governor, representatives of nobility, clergy and set of peasants.

By 500-years anniversary, in 1865-1894 in with. Monastirchina on a legendary place of burial places of the soldiers falling during battle, the stone temple in the name of Christmas of the Virgin is erected (the church holiday conterminous to day of battle), simultaneously a number had been erected prihodskaya school. At the big gathering of people on September, 8, 1880 near to a monument to Dmitry Donskomu on Kulikovom a field after requiem military parade with artillery salute has taken place. Celebrating of anniversary has induced the Tula regional specialists again to address to antiquities Kulikova of a field. The known Tula regional specialist and public figure N.I.Troitsky has made three trips on Kulikovo a field in 80th of XIX century with the purpose of studying antiquities in area р. Непрядвы. To the beginning of XX century among the Tula clergy there is an idea on construction of temple Sergiya Radonejskogo on Kulikovom a field. Creation of the project of a temple was entrusted to architect A.V.ShChusevu finished work in 1911. The temple was under construction four years (1913-1917) . The termination of construction was prevented by October revolution and civil war. Almost 50 years a field of Russian glory were in oblivion. A new boundary in history Kulikova of a field becomes the Decision of the Soviet government “ About preparation of celebrating of 600-years anniversary Kulikovskoy of fight ”. Before a anniversary restoration of temples Sergiya Radonejskogo on the Red hill and Christmases of the Virgin in has been made with. Monastirchina, a monument to Dmitry Donskomu, works on an accomplishment of a memorial on the Red hill are finished. Under the direction of experts of the State Historical museum in temple Sergiya Radonejskogo the museum exposition devoted Kulikovskoy to fight has been created. In the center of a field of battle experts make attempt of a reconstruction of appearance of the Green Oak grove.

Kulikovo the field is unique memorial object, the most valuable prirodno-historical complex including numerous archeologic monuments, monuments of architecture and monumental art, nature sanctuaries. In area Kulikova of a field it is revealed more than 380 monuments of archeology of different epoch. As a whole, territory Куликова of a field is one of key sites of studying of rural moving during the old russian period (similarly to vicinities of Chernigov, Suzdal ополью) and represents a unique archeologic complex. Here 12 monuments of architecture, including 10 churches (basically XIX and XX centuries), among which oustanding monument of architecture - church Sergija Radonezhskogo are revealed. As have shown complex археолого-geographical researches of last 17 years, on Kulikovom a field near to a place of battle there are the relic sites of the steppe vegetation which has kept a feather grass, and close to protogenic large forests.